114 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 北京保卫战（于谦守九门）｜素材说明
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## 事件边界
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- 规范事件名：北京保卫战（于谦守九门）
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- 常用称呼：北京保卫战、京师保卫战、于谦守北京
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- 项目归类：明
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- 时代：明代宗景泰元年
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- 日期：公元1449年九月至十月
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- 地点：北京九门及德胜门、彰义门一带
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- 一句话结论：土木堡惨败后，也先挟被俘英宗南下，明廷拥立景帝并拒绝南迁；于谦整编京军，将部队布置于北京城外各门，明军在德胜门等处击退瓦剌进攻，守住京师。
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## 60–90 秒主旁白
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土木堡败报传到北京，皇帝被俘，京营主力损失殆尽。朝廷有人主张迁都南京，兵部侍郎于谦则坚持京师是天下根本，一旦南迁，人心与北方防线都会瓦解。群臣拥立郕王朱祁钰为帝，以稳定名分；于谦升任兵部尚书，调集两京备操军、地方勤王军和残余京军，重新编组成能够守城的部队。他没有只把人藏在城墙后，而是把主力列在九门之外，背城作战，并宣布临阵退却者斩。十月，也先挟英宗抵近北京，希望借天子身份迫使开门。明廷拒绝把社稷系于一人。德胜门方向，明军先以少量骑兵诱敌接近，再用火器、弓弩和伏兵反击；彰义门等处也发生激战。瓦剌无法迅速攻破京师，又担心各地援军合围，最终撤退。北京保卫战不是于谦一个人站在城头喝退敌军，而是政治上另立皇帝、军事上重新动员、城外列阵和各门协同共同完成的危机应对。
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## 分幕素材
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### 01｜拒绝南迁·重建指挥
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- 时间地点：北京宫城外廷与兵部
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- 本幕作用：交代拥立景帝、拒迁和重新动员是守城前提。
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- 分幕旁白：于谦力主固守，明廷拥立景帝稳定朝局，并调集京内外可用兵力重编九门防务。
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- 页面标题：皇帝丢了，城不能再丢
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- 页面短句：守北京的第一步不是筑墙，而是让朝廷仍能下达一套所有人都承认的命令。
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- PNG：`images/01-yu-qian-rebuilds-beijing-defense-command.png`
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- WebP：`images/01-yu-qian-rebuilds-beijing-defense-command.webp`
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- 替代文本：Inside a restrained Ming government courtyard in 1449, Yu Qian and officers assign blank wooden rosters to commanders from several differently equipped units. Armor, spears, early handguns and supply carts are being inventoried; the palace roofs remain distant and secondary. Show emergency mobilization and a new chain of command, not a throne-room pageant, no readable edict, no battle yet.
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- 视觉推演边界：军册分发、兵器清点和各部混编为视觉重构；拒绝南迁、拥立景帝与于谦统筹守城有史载。
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- 人物：于谦（兵部侍郎、后任兵部尚书；反对南迁并主持京师防务）；朱祁钰（郕王、后即明代宗；在危局中即位稳定朝廷）；孙太后与群臣（皇室和中枢官员；决定监国、即位与固守）；京军与勤王军（守城各部；重新登记、领械和分派城门）
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- 史料：《明史·于谦传》卷一百七十；《明史·代宗本纪》卷十一
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生成提示词：
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```text
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Use case: historical-scene. Digital Me Yuan, Ming and Qing story frame. Inside a restrained Ming government courtyard in 1449, Yu Qian and officers assign blank wooden rosters to commanders from several differently equipped units. Armor, spears, early handguns and supply carts are being inventoried; the palace roofs remain distant and secondary. Show emergency mobilization and a new chain of command, not a throne-room pageant, no readable edict, no battle yet. Premium live-action historical film still, archaeology-informed and specific to the stated century and place, cinematic 16:9 landscape, subtle film grain, physically plausible people, terrain, architecture, ships, weapons, clothing and logistics. Leave calm negative space for webpage copy. No baked-in text, readable banners, subtitles, logo or watermark; no clone-face armies, fantasy armor, imperial yellow dragon spectacle, Forbidden City unless explicitly required, magic, anime, gore or body piles.
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```
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### 02｜背城列阵·德胜门伏击
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- 时间地点：北京德胜门外
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- 本幕作用：呈现主力列在城外和诱敌伏击，不画成孤城远程轰炸。
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- 分幕旁白：于谦把各军列在九门外。德胜门明军诱使瓦剌骑兵接近，以火器、弓弩和伏兵协同反击。
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- 页面标题：城门在身后，退路也在身后
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- 页面短句：把兵摆到墙外，是要告诉新拼起来的军队：这一阵只能向前。
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- PNG：`images/02-ming-ambush-halts-oirat-at-deshengmen.png`
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- WebP：`images/02-ming-ambush-halts-oirat-at-deshengmen.webp`
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- 替代文本：Outside Deshengmen in autumn 1449, Ming troops form layered ranks with pavises, bows, early handguns and a few small period cannon; a limited cavalry screen falls back toward concealed infantry as Oirat horsemen approach across open ground. The brick city wall anchors the rear. Show coordinated defense with smoke kept low, no gigantic explosions, machine-gun volleys, Qing cannon crews or soldiers standing only atop walls.
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- 视觉推演边界：伏兵位置、兵种层次和烟雾尺度为视觉推演；德胜门外列阵、诱敌与火器反击有史载。
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- 人物：于谦（兵部尚书；总督军务并巡督各门）；石亨（武清伯、守将；在德胜门方向统兵作战）；也先（瓦剌太师；率军逼近北京并寻找破口）；明军各部（火器手、弩手、骑步军；在城门外分层布阵）
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- 史料：《明史·于谦传》卷一百七十；《明史·石亨传》卷一百七十三
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生成提示词：
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```text
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Use case: historical-scene. Digital Me Yuan, Ming and Qing story frame. Outside Deshengmen in autumn 1449, Ming troops form layered ranks with pavises, bows, early handguns and a few small period cannon; a limited cavalry screen falls back toward concealed infantry as Oirat horsemen approach across open ground. The brick city wall anchors the rear. Show coordinated defense with smoke kept low, no gigantic explosions, machine-gun volleys, Qing cannon crews or soldiers standing only atop walls. Premium live-action historical film still, archaeology-informed and specific to the stated century and place, cinematic 16:9 landscape, subtle film grain, physically plausible people, terrain, architecture, ships, weapons, clothing and logistics. Leave calm negative space for webpage copy. No baked-in text, readable banners, subtitles, logo or watermark; no clone-face armies, fantasy armor, imperial yellow dragon spectacle, Forbidden City unless explicitly required, magic, anime, gore or body piles.
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```
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### 03｜挟帝叫门·瓦剌撤围
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- 时间地点：北京城外与撤军道路
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- 本幕作用：交代朝廷拒绝以天子换城及瓦剌撤退的结果。
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- 分幕旁白：也先挟英宗到城下交涉，明廷拒绝开门。攻城受挫且勤王军渐近，瓦剌最终北撤。
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- 页面标题：社稷不再系于一人
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- 页面短句：城门没有因被俘天子而打开，也先手中最重要的筹码因此失效。
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- PNG：`images/03-oirat-withdraws-after-beijing-holds.png`
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- WebP：`images/03-oirat-withdraws-after-beijing-holds.webp`
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- 替代文本：Cold dawn outside a closed Ming city gate. The captive former emperor remains on horseback beside Oirat envoys at a respectful distance while defenders watch from wall positions without opening. Farther away, Oirat wagons and cavalry begin an orderly northward withdrawal as Ming relief standards approach on another road. No humiliation, kneeling emperor, celebratory parade, readable banners or immediate reunion.
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- 视觉推演边界：城门交涉、撤军与援军同框为时序压缩；也先挟英宗叫门、攻城不克并北撤有史载。
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- 人物：明英宗（被俘太上皇；被瓦剌带至城外作为谈判筹码）；也先（瓦剌太师；叫门不成后撤军）；于谦与守城官军（京师防务中枢；拒绝开门并维持追守）；勤王军（各地援军；逐步接近京师形成外部压力）
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- 史料：《明史·于谦传》卷一百七十；《明史·英宗前纪》卷十
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生成提示词：
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```text
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Use case: historical-scene. Digital Me Yuan, Ming and Qing story frame. Cold dawn outside a closed Ming city gate. The captive former emperor remains on horseback beside Oirat envoys at a respectful distance while defenders watch from wall positions without opening. Farther away, Oirat wagons and cavalry begin an orderly northward withdrawal as Ming relief standards approach on another road. No humiliation, kneeling emperor, celebratory parade, readable banners or immediate reunion. Premium live-action historical film still, archaeology-informed and specific to the stated century and place, cinematic 16:9 landscape, subtle film grain, physically plausible people, terrain, architecture, ships, weapons, clothing and logistics. Leave calm negative space for webpage copy. No baked-in text, readable banners, subtitles, logo or watermark; no clone-face armies, fantasy armor, imperial yellow dragon spectacle, Forbidden City unless explicitly required, magic, anime, gore or body piles.
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```
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## BGM 选曲
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- 项目曲目：`zhanzhen:beijingbaoweizhan#2`｜北京保卫战｜战役专属·老腔与器乐 stem
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- 状态：pending-export
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- 用法：重建指挥以低鼓推进，德胜门战斗让老腔与鼓点形成唯一峰值，叫门失败后落回城门低响；删除歌词、人声口号和品牌尾签。
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- 选择理由：项目已有北京保卫战专属曲目，拒迁、九门协同与“社稷重于一人”的结构完整对应；仓库暂无成品音频。
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- 音频路径或 URL：仓库暂缺，待导出
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| 时间 | 分幕 | 编排 |
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| 00:00–00:28 | 01 | 名册、脚步与低鼓重建秩序。 |
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| 00:28–00:57 | 02 | 德胜门伏击形成战斗峰值。 |
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| 00:57–01:26 | 03 | 关门静止后转入北撤节奏。 |
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## 史料来源
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- 于谦拒迁、整军列阵九门与击退也先：[《明史·于谦传》卷一百七十](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/明史/卷170)
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- 景帝即位和京师防务的朝廷纪年：[《明史·代宗本纪》卷十一](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/明史/卷011)
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- 英宗被挟至京与瓦剌退兵：[《明史·英宗前纪》卷十](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/明史/卷010)
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## 禁区与误读防护
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- 把北京保卫战画成于谦单人站城头喝退瓦剌
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- 把所有战斗放在城墙顶而忽略九门外列阵
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- 把火器画成近代步枪、机关枪或清末火炮
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- 羞辱化展示被俘英宗或编造城门打开
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- 现代文字、水印、清代辫发与故宫今日旅游景观
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## 交付检查
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- [x] 每幕 PNG 原图存在且为 16:9
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- [x] 每幕 WebP 交付图存在且为 16:9
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- [x] 旁白、页面文案、人物标签、提示词、视觉推演和史料齐全
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- [ ] BGM 已导出并填写可用路径
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- [x] `manifest.json` 与本说明中的文件名全部校验通过
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